THE ISSUES OF TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN CENTRAL ASIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION
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Abstract
This article analyzes the problems of transboundary environmental impacts in the Central Asian region and the issues of their international legal regulation. As sources of transboundary ecological risks in the region, the imbalance in water resource distribution, the Aral Sea crisis, industrial waste, and radiation from uranium tailings are highlighted. According to the author, the uneven ratification of authoritative international environmental and environmental protection instruments (the Espoo, Helsinki, New York, and Aarhus conventions and their protocols) by Central Asian states hinders the creation of a unified legal obligation space and the effective resolution of disputes. Furthermore, the author sheds light on the complexity of assessing and compensating for transboundary damage based on international judicial practice (such as the Trail Smelter, Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros, and Lake Lanoux cases) and the experience of the European Union. In the conclusion of the article, it is emphasized that without politicizing environmental security issues, it is necessary to introduce a unified transboundary monitoring system and to enshrine the concept of “transboundary impact zone” in national legislations. As a practical solution to the problem, the author proposes the development of the environmental insurance market, as well as the establishment of an Interstate Secretariat, a Regional Expertise Bureau, and a Multilateral Financial Fund for Compensation of Transboundary Damage.
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