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Abstract
This article provides a historical, legal, and sociological analysis of the formation of the legal and social status of persons with disabilities during the twentieth century. The main objective of the study is to trace the evolution of the concept of disability from the Industrial Revolution to the adoption of the 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, identifying the principal trends, contradictions, and reforms that have shaped this transformation. The article examines the harmful influence of eugenic policies on the perception of disability, the impact of the World Wars in framing disability as a matter of “national responsibility,” the role of the civil rights movement in promoting equality, and the rise of the concept of inclusive education. The author argues that the institutionalization of disability rights required not only legal reforms but also profound social and cultural transformations aimed at changing public attitudes and eliminating discriminatory stereotypes. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive and systematic exploration of the historical development of disability rights and their interconnection with the modern human rights framework – an approach not previously undertaken in regional scholarship. The findings provide a theoretical and practical foundation for improving the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in Uzbekistan in accordance with international standards and for advancing inclusive policies that ensure equal participation in all spheres of society.
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